Langformen und Kurzformen im Englischen

1. to be (am, are, is)

bejaht		verneint
Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I am	I'm	I am not	I'm not
you are	you're	you are not	you're not
			you aren't
he is	he's	he is not	he's not
			he isn't
she is	she's	she is not	she's not
			she isn't
it is	it's	it is not	it's not
			it isn't
we are	we're	we are not	we're not
			we aren't
you are	you're	you are not	you're not
			you aren't
they are	they're	they are not	they're not
			they aren't

2. to be (was, were)

	bejaht		verneint
Pronomen	Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I, he, she, it	I was	---	I was not	I wasn't
we, you, they	we were	---	we were not	you weren't

3. have (got)

	bejaht		verneint
Pronomen	Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I, we, you, they	I have got	I've got	we have not got	we haven't got
				we've not got*
he, she, it	she has got	she's got	she has not got	she hasn't got
				she's not got*

* Diese Form wird selten verwendet.

4. had (got)

	bejaht		verneint
Pronomen	Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I, he, she, it, we, you, they	I had got	I'd got	we had not got	we hadn't got
				we'd not got

* Diese Form wird selten verwendet.

5. do

	bejaht		verneint
Pronomen	Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I, we, you, they	I do	---	we do not	we don't
he, she, it	she does	---	she does not	she doesn't

6. did

	bejaht		verneint
Pronomen	Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
I, he, she, it, we, you, they	we did	---	we did not	we didn't

7. Modalverben (can, could, must, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to)

bejaht		verneint
Langform	Kurzform	Langform	Kurzform
can	---	cannot	can't
could	---	could not	couldn't
must	---	must not	mustn't
might	---	might not	---
need	---	need not	needn't
will	'll	will not	won't
would	'd	would not	wouldn't
shall	---	shall not	shan't
should	'd	should not	shouldn't
ought to	---	ought not to	oughtn't to

Beachte, dass die Kurzformen 's und 'd jeweils zwei unterschiedliche Langformen haben:

• he's = he is oder he has
• he'd = he would oder he had

Kurzformen werden selten nach Namen oder Substantiven verwendet.

• Peter has got a book. = Peter's got a book.
• The children have visited London. = The children've visited London.

Ist have ein Vollverb, dann darf keine Kurzform gebildet werden.

• They have breakfast at 6 o'clock.

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