Present Perfect - Spelling

Present Perfect: Summary; Use; Signal words; Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions; Spelling; Special verbs; Diagram; Long forms and short forms

Present Perfect - Spelling

You have to know all forms of the irregular verbs very well. For the Present Perfect you need the form of the verb which can be found in the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.
go - went - gone

Add -ed with regular verbs.

regular verbs
infinitive + -ed

Sometimes the are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed.

1) consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double the consonant.

stop – stopped
swap - swapped

We do not double the consonant if it is not stressed:
benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.)

In Britsh English we double one -l at the end of the word:
travel - travelled

2) one -e at the end of the word

Leave out the -e. Add -d.
love – loved
save – saved

3) verbs ending in -y

verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u):Add -ed.
play - played

Change 'y' to 'i' after a consonant. Then add -ed.
worry - worried

irregular verbs
3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs