Long forms, contracted forms (short forms)

Long forms, contracted forms of to be (am, are, is) - detailed explanations

to be (am, are, is)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I am	I'm	I am not	I'm not
he, she, it:
he is	he's	he is not	he isn't oder he's not
we, you, they:
we are	we're	we are not	we aren't oder we're not

to be (was, were)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, he, she, it:
he was	-	he was not	he wasn't
we, you, they:
we were	-	we were not	we weren't

have got

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, we, you, they:
we have got	we've got	we have not got	we've not got oder we haven't got
he, she, it:
he has got	he's got	he has not got	he's not got oder he hasn't got

had

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
every time regardless the subject (I, he, she, it, we, you, they):
I had	I'd	I had not	I hadn't

do

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
I, we, you, they:
I do	-	I do not	I don't
he, she, it:
he does	-	he does not	he doesn't

did

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
every time regardless the subject (I, he, she, it, we, you, they):
I did	-	I did not	I didn't

Modals (can, could, must, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to)

affirmative		negative
long form	short form	long form	short form
can	-	cannot	can't
could	-	could not	couldn't
must	-	must not	mustn't
might	-	might not	--
need	-	need not	needn't
will	'll	will not	won't
would	'd	would not	wouldn't
shall	-	shall not	shan't
should	'd	should not	shouldn't
ought to	-	ought not to	oughtn't to

The short forms 's and 'd have two different long forms:
he's = he is oder he has
he'd = he would oder he had

We seldom use short forms after names and nouns.
Peter has got a book. = Peter's got a book.
The children have visited London. = The children've visited London.

When have is a full verb, we do not use the short form.
They have breakfast at 6 o'clock.